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Neotibicen pronotalis
''Neotibicen pronotalis'' also colloquially called Walker's cicada is a large annual cicada, one of the largest species of North American ''Neotibicen''. The name of this species has undergone numerous changes. One of the two subspecies was originally known as ''Tibicen marginalis'', and later renamed ''T. walkeri''. The other subspecies was described as ''Tibicen pronotalis'' but this is an older name than ''walkeri'', and therefore takes priority. The genus name was changed in July 2015 due to taxonomic reconfiguration of the genus ''Tibicen''.
This cicada is the loudest calling Eastern ''Neotibicen'' species, with male alarm calls recorded at 105.9 dB.〔http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/walker/ufbir/chapters/chapter_24.shtml〕 ''Neotibicen pronotalis'' is a large cicada with males reaching up to (body length not including wings), but it averages from ; ''N. pronotalis'' rivals ''Neotibicen auletes'' and ''Neotibicen resonans'' in size (''N. auletes'' and ''N. resonans'' are other species of large North American cicadas).''N. pronotalis'' adults are variable in appearance. Pronotum coloration may be sandy orange, tan, lime green, ocherous yellow, dull yellow or orange, or any combination of these. Eye coloration varies as well, most individuals though, have slate blue eyes, although some may have green, brown, or tan eyes . The venter is lightly pruinosed. ''N. pronotalis'' have variable mesonotal coloration and patterning, which can be the typical well-defined ''Neotibicen'' mesonotal patterns or dark, hard to see patterns. Mesontal colors are usually orange (tan), red, and black. The abdomen is a dark grayish black. ''N. pronotalis'' can be found throughout much of the Midwestern and Southeastern U.S. ''Neotibicen pronotalis'' has two subspecies, both equally common, ''Neotibicen pronotalis walkeri'' and ''Neotibicen pronotalis pronotalis'', pronotalis individuals generally have a black pronotal blotch, while walkeri individuals lack a pronotal blotch. The call of ''N. pronotalis'' is identical to that of a similar species, ''Neotibicen dealbatus''. For this reason, the two can be commonly confused. ''N. pronotalis'' is of no economic importance, and is neutral to our interests.
==Distribution==
This species is widespread west of the Appalachian Mts. It has been reported from AL, AR, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, MO, MI, MN, MS, NE, ND, OH, OK, SD, TN, TX, VA, WV, WI, WY.〔http://www.cicadamania.com/downloads/diversity-05-00166.pdf〕 Populations north and west of the Mississippi river are representative of ''N. pronotalis pronotalis'', while those east and south of the Mississippi are representative of ''N. pronotalis walkeri''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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